Dementia is more than just a fading memory; it’s a progressive loss of mental function. While aging is a risk factor, dementia is not a normal part of aging. Here’s how to lower your risk and maintain cognitive health.
* What is Dementia?
Dementia refers to a group of symptoms affecting memory, language, and behavior. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause, followed by vascular dementia and other conditions like Lewy body and Parkinson’s dementia.
* Can You Prevent Dementia?
While some causes of dementia are beyond your control, lifestyle changes can help reduce your risk.
Exercise: Regular physical activity can slow brain atrophy and improve overall health. Aim for 150 minutes of moderate aerobics or 75 minutes of intense activity weekly, along with resistance training.
Eat Well: A heart-healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and low in saturated fats, sugars, and salt can benefit brain health.
Don’t Smoke: Smoking increases dementia risk by affecting blood circulation, including in the brain. Seek help to quit if needed.
Limit Alcohol: Excessive alcohol consumption is a major risk factor. Moderate drinking is up to one drink per day for women and two for men.
Keep Your Mind Active: Engage in challenging activities like learning new skills, doing puzzles, reading, and staying socially active to help lower dementia risk.
Manage Overall Health: Regular check-ups and managing conditions like diabetes, heart disease, and high blood pressure are crucial. Address symptoms of depression, hearing loss, or sleep problems promptly.
* Common Risk Factors for Dementia
Risk factors include aging, atherosclerosis, depression, diabetes, Down syndrome, hearing loss, HIV, Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, vascular disorders, long-term alcohol or drug use, obesity, poor diet, repeated head injuries, sedentary lifestyle, and smoking.
* Symptoms and Diagnosis
Early signs of dementia include forgetfulness, confusion, and changes in mood or behavior. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exams, cognitive tests, and sometimes brain imaging.
* Treatment and Outlook
While most types of dementia aren’t reversible, treatments like medications and occupational therapy can manage symptoms and improve quality of life. Some reversible causes include vitamin deficiencies, hypothyroidism, and certain brain conditions.
The Bottom Line
Dementia affects cognitive functions and is primarily caused by Alzheimer’s disease and vascular issues. Though not entirely preventable, regular exercise, a healthy diet, mental engagement, and managing overall health can significantly reduce your risk. Take proactive steps now to maintain your cognitive health as you age.
